The rod and reproof give wisdom to the young. The former denotes bodily correction, what we call corporal punishment; the latter, discipline in words, rebuke administered when any moral fault is noticed.
The idea here enunciated is very common in this book (see Proverbs 10:1, Proverbs 10:13; Proverbs 13:24; Proverbs 23:13). But a child loft to himself bringeth his mother to shame. The verb translated "left" ( שָׁלַח, shalach) is used in Job 39:5 of the wild ass left to wander free where it wills.
A child allowed to do as he likes, undisciplined—spoiled, as we call it—is a shame to his mother, whose weakness has led to this want of restraint, fond love degenerating into over-indulgence (comp. Proverbs 17:21; Proverbs 28:7).
Septuagint, "A son that goeth astray shameth his parents."