The Pulpit Commentary on Isaiah 50:1

The Pulpit Commentary · Joseph S. Exell and contributors · Public domain

Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement? On account of her persistent "backsliding," God had "put away Israel," Judah's sister, and had "given her a bill of divorce" (Isaiah 3:8). But he had not repudiated Judah; and her children were wrong to suppose themselves altogether cast off (see Isaiah 49:14).

They had, in fact, by their transgressions, especially their idolatries, wilfully divorced themselves, or at any rate separated themselves, from God; but no sentence had gone forth from him to bar reconciliation and return.

Or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you! Neither has God exercised the right, regarded as inherent in a parent (Exodus 21:7; 2 Kings 4:11; Nehemiah 6:5, Nehemiah 6:8), of selling his children to a creditor.

They are not sold—he has "taken no money for them" (Psalms 44:12; Isaiah 52:3); and the Babylonians are thus not their rightful owners (Isaiah 49:24)—they are still God's children, his property, and the objects of his care.

For your iniquities … for your transgressions; rather, by your iniquities … by your transgressions. The separation, such as it was, between God and his people was caused by their sins, not by any act of his.

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